
In project management, one principle remains constant: technical competency is the bedrock upon which successful projects are built. Yet in today’s world of digital disruption, remote teams, and organizational agility, the definition of “technical” has expanded far beyond Gantt charts and critical paths.
This is the domain of the “Ways of Working” leg of the PMI Talent Triangle®. It represents the methodologies, tools, frameworks, and practices that underpin how work gets done. To thrive, project managers must not only master these tools but also learn to pivot between them to meet ever-shifting stakeholder needs.
Why “ways of working” is more than just methodology
Traditionally known as Technical Project Management, “Ways of Working” reflects the structural foundation of how projects are planned, executed, and delivered. But this isn’t just about using software or following a methodology. It’s about understanding when, how, and why to use specific tools and frameworks. A modern project professional must:
- Switch between Agile and Waterfall as needed
- Blend methodologies to form hybrid approaches
- Use data to drive planning, performance, and stakeholder communication
Let’s break this down further.
Predictive, agile, and hybrid approaches: what works when?
Predictive (Waterfall)
This traditional method works well for:
- Projects with clear, stable requirements
- Regulatory and compliance-heavy environments
- Construction and engineering projects
Key elements include:
- Detailed upfront planning
- Defined scope and timelines
- Linear phase progression
Agile and Scrum
Best suited for:
- Software and digital product development
- Rapidly changing requirements
- Environments requiring iterative value delivery
Agile focuses on:
- Flexibility and customer collaboration
- Cross-functional teams
- Continuous feedback and iteration
Hybrid approaches
Increasingly, projects require a blend of both. Examples:
- Using Agile sprints for development while managing high-level deliverables with Waterfall
- Waterfall budgeting paired with Scrum execution teams
Hybrid approaches reflect the reality of modern project work, especially in large organizations with varied stakeholder expectations.
Tools and techniques that drive execution
Beyond methodology, the “Ways of Working” dimension includes a suite of essential tools and processes.
1. Scheduling & planning tools
- Gantt Charts for timeline visualization
- Network Diagrams for dependency mapping
- Kanban Boards for visual workflow (e.g., Trello, Jira)
2. Scope and Requirements Management
- Requirements traceability matrices
- MoSCoW prioritization
- Use of user stories and acceptance criteria
3. Risk and Quality Management
- Risk registers
- Probability-impact matrices
- Control charts and quality audits
4. Performance Measurement
- Earned Value Management (EVM)
- Cost Performance Index (CPI)
- Schedule Performance Index (SPI)
- Burndown and velocity charts in Agile
These tools don’t just help you run a project—they help you understand it, adjust in real time, and make evidence-based decisions.
PMBOK® Guide – 7th Edition: A Paradigm Shift
The 7th edition of PMI’s PMBOK® Guide moved away from a purely process-based structure toward a principle-based model. This change acknowledges:
- The diversity of project environments
- The need for a value delivery system
- Greater flexibility in applying knowledge
Key shifts include:
- Focus on outcomes over outputs
- Emphasis on tailoring approaches
- Recognition of project team autonomy
This aligns directly with the Talent Triangle’s push for adaptable, strategy-driven, and team-oriented project management.
Disciplined agile: the toolkit of choice
PMI’s Disciplined Agile Delivery (DAD) offers a toolkit that helps teams choose their way of working based on context rather than blindly following a framework. Principles include:
- Choice is good
- Optimize flow across the entire value stream
- Enterprise awareness
Disciplined Agile empowers project managers to:
- Tailor solutions based on organizational complexity
- Navigate trade-offs in speed, cost, and quality
- Scale Agile practices beyond IT
Preparing for the PMP® Exam with Ways of Working in Mind
The PMP exam has been restructured to reflect the Talent Triangle, and nearly 50% of the content falls under “Ways of Working.” What that means for candidates:
- Expect scenario-based questions using Agile and hybrid frameworks
- Be prepared to justify methodology selection
- Demonstrate adaptability in execution planning
RMC Learning Solutions’ exam prep courses are built with this modern reality in mind, helping learners:
- Master both predictive and adaptive techniques
- Understand the rationale behind methodological choices
- Practice real-world simulations and decision trees
Real-world application: choosing the right approach
Imagine this scenario:
- Your team is building a customer-facing app with an internal compliance requirement.
- Marketing wants to release features iteratively.
- Legal requires final sign-off before launch.
A hybrid model would allow you to:
- Use Scrum to develop and test features in sprints
- Maintain a predictive structure for documentation and compliance milestones
- Deliver customer value faster while satisfying regulatory demands
This kind of tailored, situationally aware project design is the hallmark of a modern PM.
How to level up your ways of working
- Stay Methodologically Fluent
- Take short courses on Agile, Lean, and Kanban
- Join a study group focused on PMBOK® 7 and Disciplined Agile
- Certifications That Add Value
- PMP® for balanced project mastery
- PMI-ACP® for Agile expertise
- Disciplined Agile Scrum Master (DASM)
- Experiment and Reflect
- Conduct post-project reviews focused on methodology effectiveness
- Share lessons learned with your PM community
- Use Tools Intelligently
- Avoid tech bloat; choose tools that align with team maturity and stakeholder needs
Final thoughts: ways of working as a strategic differentiator
In today’s hybrid, fast-paced environments, your ability to adapt how you work is just as important as what you deliver. Ways of Working isn’t static—it evolves alongside your team, your organization, and your industry. It requires you to stay curious, context-aware, and committed to both the science and the art of project delivery. Master this dimension of the PMI Talent Triangle, and you don’t just become a better project manager. You become an indispensable business partner.